Ukurisayikilishwa kweplastiki kubhekisa kwinkqubo yokubuyisela inkunkuma okanye iplastiki elahliweyo kunye nokusetyenzwa ngokutsha kwemathiriyeli ibe yimveliso esebenzayo neluncedo.Lo msebenzi waziwa ngokuba yinkqubo yokurisayikilishwa kweplastiki.Injongo yokuphinda kusetyenziswe iplastiki kukunciphisa izinga eliphezulu longcoliseko lweplastiki ngeli lixa kubekwa uxinzelelo oluncinci kwimathiriyeli enyulu ukuvelisa iimveliso zeplastiki ezintsha kraca.Le ndlela inceda ekulondolozeni izibonelelo kwaye iphambukise iiplastiki kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma okanye kwiindawo ebezingalindelekanga ezinje ngeelwandle.
Isidingo sokuRisayikilishwa kwePlastiki
Iiplastiki ziqinile, zikhaphukhaphu kwaye zingabizi izinto.Zinokubunjwa ngokulula kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo ezifumana ukusetyenziswa kwi-plethora yezicelo.Rhoqo ngonyaka, ngaphezulu kwe-100 lezigidi zeetoni zeeplastiki ziveliswa kwihlabathi liphela.Malunga ne-200 yeebhiliyoni zeeponti zezinto ezintsha zeplastiki zenziwe nge-thermoform, igwebu, i-laminated kwaye ikhutshelwe kwizigidi zeepakethe kunye neemveliso.Ngenxa yoko, ukusetyenziswa kwakhona, ukubuyisela kunye nokuhlaziywa kweeplastiki kubaluleke kakhulu.
Zeziphi iiPlastiki eziRecycling?
Kukho iintlobo ezintandathu eziqhelekileyo zeeplastiki.Okulandelayo ziimveliso eziqhelekileyo oya kuzifumana kwiplastiki nganye:
I-PS (I-Polystyrene) – Umzekelo: iikomityi zesiselo esishushu zigwebu, izinto zokugalela zeplastiki, izikhongozeli, kunye neyogathi.
I-PP (iPolypropylene) – Umzekelo: iibhokisi zesidlo sasemini, izikhongozeli zokutya, izitya ze-ayisikrimu.
I-LDPE (i-Low-density polyethylene) – Umzekelo: imigqomo yenkunkuma kunye neengxowa.
I-PVC (iPlasticised Polyvinyl chloride okanye i-polyvinyl chloride)-Umzekelo: i-cordial, ijusi okanye ibhotile yokukhama.
I-HDPE (i-polyethylene yoxinaniso oluphezulu) – Umzekelo: izikhongozeli zeshampu okanye iibhotile zobisi.
I-PET (i-Polyethylene terephthalate) – Umzekelo: ijusi yeziqhamo kunye neebhotile zesiselo.
Okwangoku, kuphela i-PET, i-HDPE, kunye neemveliso zeplastiki zePVC eziphinda zisetyenziswe phantsi kweenkqubo zokurisayikilishwa kwe-curbside.I-PS, PP, kunye ne-LDPE ngokwesiqhelo aziphinda zisetyenziswe ngenxa yokuba ezi mathiriyeli zeplastiki zixinga kwisixhobo sokuhlela kwiindawo zokurisayikilisha zibangela ukuba zophuke okanye zime.Izivalo kunye neetops zeebhotile azinakuphinda zisetyenziswe kwakhona.“Ukurisayikilisheka okanye ukungaRecycle” ngumbuzo omkhulu xa kufikwa kuhlaziyo lweplastiki.Ezinye iintlobo zeplastiki aziphinda zisetyenziswe kuba azinakwenzeka ngokwezoqoqosho ukwenza oko.
Ezinye iinyani eziKhawulezayo zokurisayikilisha
Rhoqo ngeyure, abantu baseMelika basebenzisa iibhotile zeplastiki ezizigidi ezisisi-2.5, uninzi lwazo zilahlwa kude.
Malunga ne-9.1% yemveliso yeplastiki yahlaziywa e-US ngo-2015, iyahluka ngokodidi lwemveliso.Ukupakishwa kweplastiki kwahlaziywa kwi-14.6%, iimpahla zeplastiki ezomeleleyo kwi-6.6%, kunye nezinye iimpahla ezingenakukwazi ukuhlala kwi-2.2%.
Ngoku, i-25 pesenti yenkunkuma yeplastiki iphinda isetyenziswe eYurophu.
Abantu baseMelika baphinde basebenzise i-3.14 yezigidi zeetoni zeeplastiki ngo-2015, behla ukusuka kwi-3.17 yezigidi ngo-2014.
Ukurisayikilishwa kweplastiki kuthatha ama-88% amandla angaphantsi kunokuvelisa iiplastiki kwizinto ezintsha ezikrwada.
Okwangoku, malunga ne-50% yeeplastiki esizisebenzisayo zilahlwa nje emva kokusetyenziswa kanye.
Iiplastiki zithatha i-10% yenkunkuma yehlabathi iyonke.
Iiplastiki zinokuthatha amakhulu eminyaka ukwehlisa umgangatho
Iiplastiki eziphela elwandle ziqhekeka zibe ziingceba ezincinci kwaye minyaka le malunga ne-100,000 yezilwanyana zaselwandle kunye nesigidi seentaka zaselwandle ziyabulawa zisitya ezo plastiki zincinci.
Amandla agcinwe ekusetyenzisweni kwakhona kwebhotile enye yeplastiki anganika iglowubhu yokukhanya eyi-100 watt phantse iyure.
Inkqubo yokuRisayikilishwa kwePlastiki
Eyona ndlela ilula yeenkqubo zokurisayikilishwa kweplastiki ibandakanya ukuqokelela, ukuhlenga-hlengisa, ukukrazulwa, ukuhlamba, ukunyibilika, kunye nokufakwa kweepellets.Iinkqubo ezichanekileyo ziyahluka ngokusekelwe kwintlaka yeplastiki okanye uhlobo lwemveliso yeplastiki.
Uninzi lwezixhobo zokurisayikilisha zeplastiki zisebenzisa le nkqubo inamanyathelo mabini alandelayo:
Inyathelo lokuQala: Ukuhlela iiplastiki ngokuzenzekelayo okanye ngohlobo lwesandla ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke izinto ezingcolisayo zisusiwe kumjelo wenkunkuma yeplastiki.
Inyathelo lesiBini: Ukunyibilikisa iiplastiki ngokuthe ngqo kwimilo entsha okanye ukuqhekeka kwiiflakes emva koko kunyibilike phambi kokuba ekugqibeleni kusetyenzwe zibe ziigranulate.
IiNzululwazi zamva nje zokuRecycling yePlastiki
Ukwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha kubuchwephesha bokurisayikilisha kwenze ukuba inkqubo yokurisayikilisha yeplastiki ibe lula kwaye ingabizi kakhulu.Ubuchwephesha obunjalo bubandakanya oomatshini abathembekileyo kunye nesigqibo esintsonkothileyo kunye nesoftware yolwazi ethi ngokudibeneyo iphucule imveliso kunye nokuchaneka kokuhlela ngokuzenzekelayo iiplastiki.Ngokomzekelo, ii-detectors ze-FT-NIR zinokubaleka ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ze-8,000 phakathi kweempazamo kwii-detectors.
Olunye ulutsha oluphawulekayo ekuhlaziyweni kwakhona kweplastiki kukufumana izicelo zexabiso eliphezulu kwiipolymers ezisetyenzisiweyo kwiinkqubo ezivaliweyo zokuphinda zisetyenziswe.Ukususela ngo-2005, umzekelo, ii-PET sheets ze-thermoforming e-UK zinokuqulatha i-50 pesenti ukuya kwi-70 yepesenti ye-PET ehlaziyiweyo ngokusebenzisa i-A/B/A layer sheets.
Kutshanje, amanye amazwe e-EU aquka iJamani, iSpain, i-Italiya, iNorway, kunye neOstriya sele eqalisile ukuqokelela ukupakishwa okuqinileyo okunje ngeembiza, iibhubhu, iitreyi kunye nesixa esilinganiselweyo sokupakishwa okuguquguqukayo kwasemva kwabathengi.Ngenxa yophuculo lwakutsha nje ekuhlambeni nasekuhleleni itekhnoloji, ukuphinda kusetyenziswe ukupakishwa kweplastiki engeyiyo ibhotile kuye kwenzeka.
Imicelimngeni yoShishino lokuRisayikilishwa kwePlastiki
Ukurisayikilishwa kweplastiki kujongene nemingeni emininzi, ukusuka kwiiplastiki ezixubeneyo ukuya kwiintsalela ezinzima ukususa.Ukurisayikilishwa okunexabiso eliphantsi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle komjelo weplastiki exutyiweyo mhlawumbi ngowona mngeni mkhulu ujongene noshishino lokurisayikilisha.Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba ukuyila ukupakishwa kweplastiki kunye nezinye iimveliso zeplastiki kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe engqondweni kunokudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekujonganeni nalo mngeni.
Ukufunyanwa kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe ukupakishwa okuguquguqukayo emva komthengi yingxaki yokuhlaziya.Uninzi lwezibonelelo zokubuyisela izinto eziphathekayo kunye namagunya asekuhlaleni awaziqokeleli ngokunyanisekileyo ngenxa yokungabikho kwezixhobo ezinokuzihlukanisa ngokufanelekileyo nangokulula.
Ungcoliseko lweplastiki ye-Oceanic luye lwaba luphawu lwamva nje oluxhalabisa uluntu.Iplastiki yolwandle kulindeleke ukuba iphindaphindeke kathathu kule minyaka ilishumi izayo, kwaye inkxalabo yoluntu iye yabangela ukuba imibutho ekhokelayo kwihlabathi lonke ithathe inyathelo elibhekiselele kulawulo olungcono lwezixhobo zeplastiki kunye nokuthintela ungcoliseko.
Imithetho yePlastiki yokuRisayikilishwa
Ukurisayikilishwa kweebhotile zeplastiki kwenziwe kwanyanzeleka kumazwe amaninzi aseMelika aquka iCalifornia, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Jersey, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, kunye neWisconsin.Nceda ulandele amakhonkco afanelekileyo ukufumana iinkcukacha zemithetho yokurisayikilisha kwiphondo ngalinye.
Ukujonga Phambili
Ukurisayikilisha kubalulekile kulawulo lweplastiki olusebenzayo ekupheleni kobomi.Ukunyuka kwamazinga okurisayikilishwa kube nesiphumo solwazi olukhulu lukawonke-wonke kunye nokonyuka kokusebenza ngempumelelo kwemisebenzi yokurisayikilisha.Ukusebenza kakuhle kuya kuxhaswa lutyalo-mali oluqhubekayo kuphando nophuhliso.
Ukurisayikilishwa koluhlu olukhulu lweemveliso zeplastiki zasemva kwabathengi kunye nokupakishwa kuya kwandisa ngakumbi ukurisayikilishwa kunye nokuphambukisa inkunkuma yeplastiki yokuphela kobomi kwitiphu.Umzi-mveliso kunye nabaqulunqi bemigaqo-nkqubo banokunceda kwakhona ukuvuselela umsebenzi wokurisayikilishwa ngokufuna okanye ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwentlaka ehlaziyiweyo ngokuchasene neeplastiki ezinyulu.
Imibutho yoShishino lokuRisayikilishwa kwePlastiki
Imibutho yoshishino lokurisayikilishwa kweplastiki ngamaqumrhu anoxanduva lokukhuthaza ukurisayikilishwa kweplastiki, okwenza amalungu akhe kwaye agcine ubudlelwane phakathi kwabahlaziyi beplastiki, kunye nokuphembelela urhulumente kunye neminye imibutho ukunceda ukuyila imeko-bume enokubakho yeshishini lokurisayikilisha iplastiki.
I-Association of Plastic Recyclers (APR): I-APR imele ishishini lamazwe ngamazwe lokurisayikilisha iplastiki.Imele amalungu ayo aquka iinkampani zokurisayikilisha zeplastiki zabo bonke ubungakanani, iinkampani zemveliso zeplastiki zabathengi, abavelisi bezixhobo zokurisayikilisha zeplastiki, iilabhoratri zovavanyo kunye nemibutho ezibophelele kwinkqubela phambili nakwimpumelelo yokwenziwa ngokutsha kweplastiki.I-APR ineenkqubo ezininzi zemfundo zokuhlaziya amalungu ayo malunga nobuchwepheshe bamva nje bokurisayikilisha iplastiki kunye nophuhliso.
I-Plastiki ye-Recyclers yaseYurophu (PRE): Isekwe kwi-1996, i-PRE imele i-plastiki recyclers eYurophu.Okwangoku, inamalungu angaphezu kwe-115 avela kulo lonke elaseYurophu.Kunyaka wokuqala wokusekwa, amalungu e-PRE aphinde asebenzisa iitoni ezingama-200 000 zenkunkuma yeplastiki, kodwa ngoku inani elikhoyo lingaphezulu kweetoni ezizigidi ezi-2.5.I-PRE ilungiselela imiboniso yeplastiki yokuphinda isetyenziswe kunye neentlanganiso zonyaka ukwenzela ukuba amalungu ayo axoxe ngophuhliso lwamva nje kunye nemingeni kwishishini.
I-Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries (ISRI): ISRI imele ngaphezu kwe-1600 encinci ukuya kwiinkampani ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe eziquka abavelisi, abalungisi, abarhwebi kunye nabathengi bemizi-mveliso beentlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zeemveliso ezilahliweyo.Amalungu anxulumene nalo mbutho usekwe eWashington DC aquka izixhobo kunye nababoneleli benkonzo abaphambili kwishishini lokurisayikilishwa kwezinto ezilahliweyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-27-2020