Iplastiki yimathiriyeli ebandakanya naluphi na uluhlu olubanzi lweekhompawundi ze-synthetic okanye ze-semi-synthetic eziphilayo ezithambileyo kwaye zinokubunjwa zibe zizinto eziqinileyo.
I-Plastiki yipropathi ngokubanzi yazo zonke izinto ezinokukhubaza ngokungenakuguqulwa ngaphandle kokuphuka kodwa, kwiklasi yeepolymers ezibunjwayo, oku kwenzeka kwinqanaba lokuba igama labo lokwenyani livela kobu buchule bukhethekileyo.
Iiplastiki zidla ngokuba ziipolymers zendalo ezinobunzima obuphezulu bemolekyuli kwaye zihlala zinezinye izinto.Zihlala zenziwe, ziqhele ukuvela kwi-petrochemicals, nangona kunjalo, uluhlu lwezinto ezihlukeneyo zenziwe kwizinto ezinokuthi zihlaziyeke ezifana ne-polylactic acid evela kumbona okanye i-cellulosics evela kwi-cotton linters.
Ngenxa yexabiso eliphantsi, ukwenziwa lula kwazo, ukuguquguquka kwezinto ezininzi, kunye nokunganyangeki kwamanzi, iiplastiki zisetyenziswa kwintaphane yeemveliso zomlinganiselo owahlukileyo, kuquka iikliphu zamaphepha neziphekepheke.Baye boyisa izinto zemveli, ezifana nomthi, ilitye, uphondo kunye nethambo, isikhumba, isinyithi, iglasi, kunye ne-ceramic, kwezinye iimveliso ezishiywe kwizinto zendalo.
Kuqoqosho oluphuhlileyo, malunga nesinye kwisithathu seplastiki isetyenziselwa ukupakisha kwaye iyafana nakwizakhiwo kwizicelo ezinje ngemibhobho, imibhobho yamanzi okanye ivinyl siding.Ezinye izinto ezisetyenziswayo ziquka iimoto (ukuya kuma-20% eplastiki), ifenitshala, kunye nezinto zokudlala.Kwilizwe elisaphuhlayo, ukusetyenziswa kweplastiki kusenokwahluka—i-42% yokusetyenziswa kweIndiya isetyenziselwa ukupakisha.
Iiplastiki zineendlela ezininzi zokusetyenziswa kwicandelo lezonyango ngokunjalo, ngokungeniswa kokufakelwa kwepolymer kunye nezinye izixhobo zonyango ezithathwe ngokuyinxenye kwiplastiki.Intsimi yotyando lweplastiki ayibizwa ngegama lokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zeplastiki, kodwa intsingiselo yegama elithi iplastiki, malunga nokubunjwa kwakhona kwenyama.
Iplastiki yokuqala yehlabathi eyenziwe ngokupheleleyo yayiyi-bakelite, eyaqanjwa eNew York ngo-1907, nguLeo Baekeland owaqulunqa igama elithi 'iplastiki'.Iingcali zamachiza ezininzi zibe negalelo kwimathiriyeli.
inzululwazi yeeplastiki, kuquka owawongwa ngembasa yeNobel uHermann Staudinger oye wabizwa ngokuba “nguyise wemichiza yepolymer.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-27-2020