Iimpawu zokutsha zePVC kukuba kunzima ukutshisa, kucima ngokukhawuleza emva kokushiya umlilo, ilangatye liphuzi kunye nomsi omhlophe, kwaye iplastiki iyancipha xa itshisa, ikhupha iphunga elicasulayo leklorini.
I-Polyvinyl chloride resin yiplastiki enezinto ezininzi.Izongezelelo ezahlukeneyo zingongezwa ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa.Ngoko ke, ngeengoma ezahlukeneyo, iimveliso zayo zingabonisa iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zomzimba kunye noomatshini.Ngokomzekelo, inokwahlulwa ibe yimveliso ethambileyo kwaye enzima kunye okanye ngaphandle kweplastiki.Ngokubanzi, iimveliso ze-PVC zineenzuzo zokuzinza kweekhemikhali, ukuxhathisa idangatye kunye nokuzicima, ukuxhathisa ukunxiba, ingxolo kunye nokupheliswa kokungcangcazela, amandla aphezulu, ukugquma kombane okulungileyo, ixabiso eliphantsi, imithombo ebanzi yezinto eziphathekayo, ukuxinwa komoya okulungileyo, njl njl. ukuzinza kwe-thermal kunye nokuguga lula phantsi kwesenzo sokukhanya, ukushisa kunye ne-oxygen.I-resin ye-PVC ngokwayo ayinayo ityhefu.Ukuba iimveliso ezenziwe ngeplastiki ezingenayo ityhefu, i-stabilizers kunye nezinye izinto ezincedisayo zisetyenzisiweyo, azinabungozi kubantu nakwizilwanyana.Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lweplastiki kunye nezizinzisi ezisetyenziswa kwiimveliso zePVC ezibonwa ngokubanzi kwintengiso ziyityhefu.Ke ngoko, ngaphandle kweemveliso ezinefomula engeyotyhefu, azinakusetyenziselwa ukuqulatha ukutya.
1. Ukusebenza ngokomzimba
I-resin ye-PVC yi-thermoplastic enesakhiwo se-amorphous.Ngaphantsi kokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet, i-PVC eqinile ivelisa i-fluorescence emhlophe ekhanyayo okanye emfusa, ngelixa i-PVC ethambileyo ikhupha i-fluorescence eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.Xa ubushushu bungama-20 ℃, i-refractive index yi-1.544 kunye ne-gravity ethile yi-1.40.Ubuninzi beemveliso kunye ne-plasticizer kunye ne-filler ngokuqhelekileyo kuluhlu lwe-1.15 ~ 2.00, ubuninzi be-foam ye-PVC ethambileyo yi-0.08 ~ 0.48, kwaye ubuninzi be-foam enzima yi-0.03 ~ 0.08.Ukufunxwa kwamanzi kwePVC akuyi kuba nkulu kune-0.5%.
Iimpawu zomzimba kunye noomatshini bePVC zixhomekeke kubunzima bemolekyuli ye-resin, umxholo we-plasticizer kunye ne-filler.Ukuphakama kobunzima be-molecular of resin, ukuphakama kweempawu zomatshini, ukumelana nokubanda kunye nokuzinza kwe-thermal, kodwa ubushushu bokusebenza bufuneka ukuba bube phezulu, ngoko kunzima ukwenza;Ubunzima bemolekyuli obuphantsi buchasene noku ngasentla.Ngokunyuka komxholo wokuzalisa, amandla okuqina ayancipha.
2. Ukusebenza kwe-thermal
Indawo yokuthambisa ye-PVC resin isondele kwiqondo lokushisa lokubola.Iqale ukubola kwi-140 ℃, kwaye ibola ngokukhawuleza kwi-170 ℃.Ukuze kuqinisekiswe inkqubo eqhelekileyo yokubumba, izalathisi ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zenkqubo ye-PVC ye-resin zichaziwe, ezizezi, ubushushu bokubola kunye nokuzinza kwe-thermal.Ukushisa okubizwa ngokuba yi-decomposition yiqondo lokushisa xa kukhutshwa isixa esikhulu se-hydrogen chloride, kwaye okubizwa ngokuba yi-thermal stability yithuba apho inani elikhulu le-hydrogen chloride lingakhululwa phantsi kweemeko ezithile zokushisa (ngokuqhelekileyo i-190 ℃).Iplastiki yePVC iya kubola ukuba ibekwe kwi-100 ℃ ixesha elide, ngaphandle kokuba i-alkaline stabilizer yongezwa.Ukuba ingaphezulu kwe-180 ℃, iya kubola ngokukhawuleza.
Ubushushu bokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide uninzi lweemveliso zeplastiki zePVC akufuneki ludlule kwi-55 ℃, kodwa ubushushu bokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide lePVC yeplastiki enefomula ekhethekileyo inokufikelela kuma-90 ℃.Iimveliso ezithambileyo zePVC ziya kuqina kwiqondo lobushushu eliphantsi.Iiathom ze-PVC ziqulethe iiathom zeklorin, ngoko ke yona kunye nee-copolymers zayo zixhathisa idangatye, ziyazicima kwaye zithontsiza simahla.
3. Ukuzinza
I-polyvinyl chloride resin i-polymer engazinzanga, eya kuthi iphinde ithobe phantsi kwesenzo sokukhanya kunye nokushisa.Inkqubo yayo kukukhulula i-hydrogen chloride kunye nokutshintsha isakhiwo sayo, kodwa kuncinci.Ngelo xesha, ukubola kuya kukhawuleziswa phambi kwamandla omatshini, i-oksijeni, iphunga, i-HCl kunye nezinye i-ion zetsimbi ezisebenzayo.
Emva kokususa i-HCl kwi-resin ye-PVC, i-conjugated chain chain iveliswa kwikhonkco eliphambili, kwaye umbala uya kutshintsha.Njengoko inani lokubola kwe-hydrogen chloride lisanda, i-PVC resin iyatshintsha ukusuka kumhlophe ukuya kumthubi, iphakame, ibomvu, imdaka kwaye imnyama.
4. Ukusebenza kombane
Iimpawu zombane zePVC zixhomekeke kubuninzi beentsalela kwipolymer kunye nohlobo kunye nobungakanani bezongezo ezahlukeneyo kwifomula.Iimpawu zombane zePVC nazo zihambelana nokufudumeza: xa ukufudumeza kubangela ukuba i-PVC ichithe, ukutshatyalaliswa kombane kuya kuncitshiswa ngenxa yobukho be-chloride ion.Ukuba inani elikhulu le-chloride ion alikwazi ukunyanzeliswa yi-alkaline stabilizers (ezifana neetyuwa ezikhokelayo), ukugquma kwabo kombane kuya kuncitshiswa kakhulu.Ngokungafaniyo neepolymers ezingezizo ezi-polar ezifana ne-polyethylene kunye ne-polypropylene, iipropati zombane ze-PVC zitshintsha ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye nokushisa, umzekelo, i-dielectric rhoqo iyancipha ngokunyuka kwamaxesha.
5. Iimpawu zeMichiza
I-PVC inozinzo olugqwesileyo lweekhemikhali kwaye inexabiso elikhulu njengesixhobo sokunqanda ukubola.
I-PVC izinzile kwiiasidi ezininzi ze-inorganic kunye neziseko.Ayiyi kunyibilika xa ishushu kwaye iya kubola ukukhulula ihydrogen chloride.Imveliso emdaka enganyibilikiyo enganyibilikiyo yalungiswa yi-azeotropy ene-potassium hydroxide.Ukunyibilika kwePVC kuhambelana nobunzima bemolekyuli kunye nendlela yepolymerization.Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukunyibilika kuncipha ngokunyuka kobunzima be-polymer molekyuli, kwaye ukunyibilika kwe-lotion resin kubi kunoko kwe-resin yokumiswa.Inokuchithwa kwiiketoni (ezifana ne-cyclohexanone, i-cyclohexanone), i-solvents enamakha (njenge-toluene, i-xylene), i-dimethylformyl, i-tetrahydrofuran.Intlaka yePVC iphantse yanganyibiliki kwiplastiki kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, kwaye iyadumba okanye inyibilike kubushushu obuphezulu.
⒍ ukuqhubekeka
I-PVC yipolymer e-amorphous kwaye akukho ndawo icacileyo yokunyibilika.Yiplastiki xa ifudunyezwa kwi-120 ~ 150 ℃.Ngenxa yokuzinza kwayo kwe-thermal, iqulethe inani elincinci le-HCl kule bushushu, ekhuthaza ukubola kwayo ngakumbi.Ke ngoko, i-alkaline stabilizer kunye ne-HCl kufuneka yongezwe ukuthintela ukusabela kwayo kokuqhekeka.I-PVC ecocekileyo yimveliso enzima, ekufuneka yongezwe kunye nexabiso elifanelekileyo leplastiki ukuze ithambile.Kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo, izongezo ezifana ne-UV absorbers, fillers, lubricants, pigments, anti mildew agents kunye nezinye kufuneka zongezwe ukuphucula ukusebenza kweemveliso zePVC.Njengezinye iiplastiki, iipropathi ze-resin zimisela umgangatho kunye neemeko zokusetyenzwa kweemveliso.Kwi-PVC, iipropathi ze-resin ezinxulumene nokucutshungulwa zibandakanya ubungakanani bamasuntswana, ukuzinza kwe-thermal, ubunzima bemolekyuli, iliso lentlanzi, ubuninzi bobuninzi, ukucoceka, ukungcola kwamanye amazwe kunye ne-porosity.Iipropati ze-viscosity kunye ne-gelatinization ye-PVC yokunamathisela, ukunamathisela, njl.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-07-2022