IiNzuzo zokuSebenzisa iPlastiki yokuPakisha
Ukupakishwa kweplastiki kusivumela ukuba sikhusele, sigcine, sigcine kwaye sithuthe iimveliso ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.
Ngaphandle kokupakishwa kweplastiki, uninzi lweemveliso ezithengwa ngabathengi azinakwenza uhambo oluya ekhaya okanye evenkileni, okanye ziphile zikwimeko entle ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo ukuba zisetyenziswe okanye zisetyenziswe.
1. Kutheni Usebenzisa iPlastiki yokuPakisha?
Ngaphezu kwakho konke, iiplastiki zisetyenziswa ngenxa yendibaniselwano eyodwa yeenzuzo abazinikezelayo;Ukuqina: Amatsheyini amade epholima enza iiplastiki zemathiriyeli ekrwada zenza kube nzima ngokugqithisileyo ukuqhawuka.Ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nokhuseleko lokupakishwa kweplastiki, kunye nokhuseleko lwayo ekunxibelelaneni nokutya, tyelela ukhuseleko lokupakisha lweplastiki.
Ucoceko: Ukupakishwa kweplastiki kukulungele ukupakishwa kokutya, amayeza kunye namayeza.Inokuzaliswa kwaye itywinwe ngaphandle kokungenelela komntu.Izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, zombini iiplastiki imathiriyeli ekrwada kunye nezongezo, zizalisekisa yonke imithetho yokhuseleko lokutya kumanqanaba elizwe kunye ne-European Union.Iimveliso zePlastiki ziqhele ukusetyenziswa njengezixhobo zonyango ekunxibelelaneni ngokusondeleyo kunye nezicubu zomzimba kwaye zihambelana nemigangatho ephezulu yokhuseleko ekusebenziseni kwabo ukusindisa ubomi.
Ukhuseleko: Ukupakishwa kweplastiki kunokuveliswa kwaye kusetyenziswe ngokuvalwa okubonakalayo kunye nokunganyangeki kwabantwana.Ukucaca kwepakethi kwenza abasebenzisi bahlole imeko yempahla ngaphambi kokuthenga.Ubunzima bokuKhanya: Izinto zokupakisha zeplastiki ziphantsi kobunzima kodwa ziphezulu ngamandla.Yiyo loo nto iimveliso ezipakishwe kwiiplastiki kulula ukuziphakamisa kunye nokuphatha ngabathengi kunye nabasebenzi kwikhonkco lokuhambisa.Inkululeko yoYilo: Iipropati zemathiriyeli ezidityaniswe noluhlu lweetekhnoloji zokusetyenzwa eziqeshwe kushishino, ukusuka kwinaliti kunye nokubunjwa kokuvuthela ukuya kwi-thermoforming, zenza ukuba kuveliswe inani elingenasiphelo leemilo zepakethi kunye nolungelelwaniso.Ukongeza uluhlu olubanzi lwamathuba ombala kunye nokulula koshicilelo kunye nokuhombisa lula ukuchongwa kwebrendi kunye nolwazi kumthengi.
2. Ipakethe Yamaxesha Onke Ubume betekhnoloji yeplastiki eneentlobo ngeentlobo zemathiriyeli ekrwada kunye nobuchule bokusebenza buvumela ukwenziwa kokupakishwa kwiimilo ezahlukeneyo ezingapheliyo, imibala kunye neempawu zobugcisa.Ngokuqhelekileyo nantoni na inokupakishwa kwiiplastiki - ulwelo, umgubo, izinto eziqinileyo kunye ne-semi-solids.3. Igalelo kuPhuhliso oluZinzileyo
3.1 Iplastiki yokupakishwa igcina amandla Kuba ilula kakhulu ukupakishwa kweplastiki kunokonga amandla ekuthuthweni kwempahla epakishiweyo.I-fuel encinci isetyenzisiweyo, kukho ukukhutshwa okuphantsi kwaye, ukongeza, kukho ukugcinwa kweendleko kubasasazi, abathengisi kunye nabathengi.
Imbiza yeyogathi eyenziwe ngeglasi inobunzima obumalunga ne-85grams, ngelixa enye eyenziwe ngeeplastiki inobunzima be-5.5grams kuphela.Kwilori ezaliswe yimveliso epakishwe kwiijagi zeglasi i-36% yomthwalo iya kuchazwa ngokupakishwa kwayo.Ukuba ipakishwe ezingxoweni zeplastiki ukupakishwa kuya kuba yi-3.56% kuphela.Ukuze kuthuthwe isixa esifanayo seyogathi, kufuneka iilori ezintathu kwiimbiza zeglasi, kodwa zibe mbini kuphela kwiimbiza zeplastiki.
3.2 Ukupakishwa kwePlastiki kolona setyenziso lufanelekileyo lwezibonelelo Ngenxa yamandla aphezulu / umlinganiselo wobunzima bokupakishwa kweeplastiki kunokwenzeka ukupakisha umthamo onikiweyo wemveliso ngeeplastiki kunezixhobo zemveli.
Kubonisiwe ukuba ukuba bekungekho kupakishwa kweeplastiki ezifumanekayo eluntwini kwaye bekukho uqhanqalazo oluyimfuneko kwezinye imathiriyeli jikelele ukusetyenziswa kokupakishwa kobunzima bokupakishwa, amandla kunye nokukhutshwa kweGHG kuya kwanda.3.3 Ukupakishwa kweplastiki kuthintela inkunkuma yokutya Phantse i-50% yesixa sisonke sokutya okulahliweyo e-UK kuphuma kumakhaya ethu.Silahla i-7.2 yezigidi zeetoni zokutya neziselo kumakhaya ethu minyaka le e-UK, kwaye ngaphezu kwesiqingatha soku kukutya nesiselo ebesinokukutya.Ukumosha oku kutya kubiza i-avareji ye-£480 yekhaya ngonyaka, ukunyuka ukuya kwi-£680 kusapho olunabantwana, elilingana ne-£50 ngenyanga.
Ukuqina kunye nokutywinwa kokupakishwa kweplastiki kukhusela iimpahla ekuwohlokeni kwaye kwandisa ubomi beshelufu.Ngokupakishwa kwe-atmosphere elungisiweyo eyenziwe kwiiplastiki, ubomi beshelufu bunokwandiswa ukusuka kwiintsuku ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-10, ukuvumela ukulahleka kokutya ezivenkileni kuncitshiswe ukusuka kwi-16% ukuya kwi-4%.Iidiliya ngoku zithengiswa kwiitreyi ezivaliweyo ukuze ezo zixengaxengayo zihlale kunye nesixa.Oku kunciphise inkunkuma ezivenkileni ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphezulu kwe-20%.
3.4 Ukupakishwa kwePlastiki: ukuphuculwa okuqhubekayo ngokusungula izinto ezintsha Kukho irekhodi elomeleleyo yokwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha kwishishini lokupakisha iiplastiki zase-UK.
Inkqubela phambili yobugcisa kunye noyilo lobuchule bunciphise ubungakanani bokupakishwa kweeplastiki ezifunekayo ukupakisha isixa esinikiweyo semveliso ekuhambeni kwexesha ngaphandle kokuncama amandla okanye ukuqina kwepakethi.Umzekelo ibhotile yeplastiki eyi-1 ilitha yokucoca eyayinobunzima obuyi-120gms ngo-1970 ngoku inobunzima obungama-43gms, ukuncipha ngama-64%.IiPlastiki ezi-4 zokuPakisha zithetha iimpembelelo eziphantsi zokusiNgqongileyo
4.1 I-oyile kunye negesi kumxholo - ukugcinwa kwekhabhoni ngeeplastiki zokupakisha Ukupakishwa kwePlastiki kuqikelelwa kwi-akhawunti ye-1.5% yokusetyenziswa kweoli kunye negesi, uqikelelo lwe-BPF.Iibhloko zokwakha iikhemikhali zeplastiki imathiriyeli ekrwada ziphuma kwiimveliso zenkqubo yokusulungekiswa ebezingenakusetyenziswa ezinye.Ngelixa uninzi lwe-oyile kunye nerhasi zisetyenziselwa ukuthutha kunye nokufudumeza, ukuba luncedo kwento esetyenziselwa ukwenziwa kweeplastiki kwandiswa ngokuphinda kusetyenziswe iiplastiki kunye nethuba lokubuyisela umxholo wamandla ekupheleni kobomi bayo benkunkuma kwizityalo zamandla.Uphononongo luka-2004 eCanada lubonise ukuba ukubuyisela ukupakishwa kweplastiki ngezinye izinto kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwe-582 yezigidi zeegigajoules zamandla amaninzi kwaye kuya kudala i-43 yezigidi zeetoni zokukhutshwa kwe-CO2 eyongezelelweyo.Amandla agcinwe ngonyaka ngamnye ngokusebenzisa iiplastiki zokupakisha zilingana ne-101.3 yezigidi zemibhobho yeoli okanye isixa se-CO2 esiveliswe yi-12.3 yezigidi zeemoto zabagibeli.
4.2 Ukupakishwa kweeplastiki eziphinda zisetyenziswe Iindidi ezininzi zeeplastiki zokupakishwa zinde – izinto zakudala.Iikhreyithi ezibuyiswayo, umzekelo, zinobomi obungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-25 okanye ngaphezulu kwaye iingxowa ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe zidlala indima enkulu ekuthengiseni okunoxanduva.
4.3 Irekhodi eyomeleleyo yokurisayikilishwa Upakisho lweplastiki lunokurisayikilisheka ngokubalaseleyo kwaye uluhlu olukhulayo lokupakishwa kweeplastiki lubandakanya ukwenziwa ngokutsha.Umthetho we-EU ngoku uvumela ukusetyenziswa kweeplastiki ukuphinda kusetyenziswe kwipakethe entsha ejoliswe kwizinto zokutya.
NgoJuni 2011 iKomiti yeeNgcebiso zikaRhulumente ngokuPakisha (ACP) yabhengeza ukuba ngo-2010/11 i-24.1% yazo zonke iiplastiki zokupakishwa zaphinda zasetyenziswa e-UK kwaye le mpumelelo igqithise inani ebekujoliswe kulo le-22.5% elichazwe ngurhulumente.Ishishini lase-UK lokurisayikilisha iiplastiki lelinye lawona mandla e-EU aneenkampani ezingama-40 ezenza iQela le-BPF's Recycling Group. Ukurisayikilisha iitoni ezi-1 zeebhotile zeplastiki konga iitoni ezi-1.5 zekhabhoni kunye nebhotile enye yeplastiki yonga amandla awoneleyo okuqhuba ibhalbhu yokukhanya engama-60 yeewatt Iiyure ezi-6 .
4.4 Amandla aphuma kwinkunkuma Iipakethe zePlastiki zinokuphinda zisetyenziswe izihlandlo ezithandathu okanye ngaphezulu phambi kokuba iimpawu zayo zibe buthathaka.Ekupheleni kokupakishwa kweeplastiki zobomi zingangeniswa kumandla avela kwizikimu zenkunkuma.Iiplastiki zinexabiso eliphezulu lekhalori.Ibhasikithi edibeneyo yeemveliso zeplastiki ezenziwe kwi-Polyethylene kunye ne-Polyproplylene, umzekelo, i-45 MJ / kg, inexabiso elikhulu kakhulu le-caloric ye-net ngaphezu kwamalahle kwi-25 MJ / kg.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-23-2021